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18-km wide diamond layer on Mercury, says study
Iconic American movie star Marilyn Monroe once famously sang, "Diamonds are a girl's best friend". Scientists from the University of Liege in Belgium believe they have unearthed a gargantuan amount of these precious stones. There could be an 18-km wide layer of the gems beneath the crust of the planet Mercury. Our nearest planetary neighbour could quite literally be a celestial jewel. Researchers tested how Mercury formed, approximately 4.5 billion years ago. The planet evolved from a gyrating cloud of cosmic dust and gas. Over millions of years, the dust was compressed into graphite, which is chemically identical to diamond. Both are solid forms of the element carbon. It is unlikely Mercury's diamonds could ever be mined as they are about 500 km below the surface.
Researchers used a machine called an anvil press to simulate the conditions under which Mercury was formed. The press is used to make synthetic diamonds. Researchers mixed elements inside a graphite capsule. These included silicon, magnesium and aluminium. The capsule was subjected to pressure 70,000 times greater than that on Earth. It was heated to temperatures of 2,000 degrees Celsius. The lead researcher speculated about the diamonds on Mercury. He said: "Diamonds are made of carbon only, so they should be similar to what we know on Earth…They would [resemble] pure diamonds." Scientists believe there are a quadrillion tons of diamonds beneath the Earth's surface. Experts say the value of these hidden gems is pretty much incalculable.
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Talk about these words from the article.
iconic / movie star / diamond / precious stone / Mercury / cosmic / dust / gas / carbon / machine / synthetic / capsule / silicon / pressure / temperature / Earth / a quadrillion
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Discussion – Student
1) What do you think about what you read?
2) What do you know about diamonds?
3) What do you know about Mercury?
4) Are synthetic diamonds as good as real ones?
5) What do you think is below the Earth's surface?
6) What do you think of the number 'one quadrillion'?
7) Would you rather have a diamond from Earth or from Mercury?
8) What questions would you like to ask the researchers?
